# 创建二进制项目（可执行文件）
cargo new hello_cargo
cd hello_cargo

# 创建库项目（library crate）
cargo new my_lib --lib

# 在当前目录初始化项目
cargo init

# 在当前目录初始化库项目
cargo init --lib

fn main() {
    println!("Hello, world!");
}

[package]
name = "hello_cargo"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2024"

[dependencies]

[package]
name = "web-server"
version = "0.2.1"
edition = "2024"
authors = ["Zhang San <[email protected]>"]
description = "A simple HTTP web server"
license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
repository = "https://github.com/user/web-server"
readme = "README.md"
keywords = ["http", "server", "web"]
categories = ["web-programming::http-server"]
rust-version = "1.70"

[dependencies]
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
serde_json = "1.0"
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
axum = "0.7"
tracing = "0.1"
tracing-subscriber = "0.3"

[dev-dependencies]
reqwest = { version = "0.12", features = ["json"] }
tokio-test = "0.4"

[build-dependencies]
cc = "1.0"

[profile.release]
opt-level = 3
lto = true
codegen-units = 1
strip = true

# 编译项目（debug 模式）
cargo build

# 编译并运行
cargo run

# 仅检查代码（不生成二进制文件，比 build 快）
cargo check

# 编译 release 模式（启用优化）
cargo build --release

# 运行所有测试
cargo test

# 生成并打开文档
cargo doc --open

# 运行基准测试（nightly）
cargo bench

# 检查代码质量
cargo clippy

# 格式化代码
cargo fmt

# 添加依赖（Cargo 1.62+）
cargo add serde --features derive
cargo add tokio -F full

# 移除依赖
cargo remove serde

# 更新依赖
cargo update

# 查看依赖树
cargo tree

# 检查过期依赖
cargo install cargo-outdated
cargo outdated

use std::io;

fn main() {
    println!("=== 猜数字游戏 ===");
    println!("我心里想了一个 1-100 的数字，猜猜看！");

    // 使用固定种子的伪随机数（标准库无随机数，暂用简单方法）
    let secret = 42; // 后续章节会介绍 rand crate
    let mut attempts = 0;

    loop {
        println!("\n请输入你的猜测：");

        let mut guess = String::new();
        io::stdin()
            .read_line(&mut guess)
            .expect("读取输入失败");

        // 将字符串转换为数字
        let guess: u32 = match guess.trim().parse() {
            Ok(num) => num,
            Err(_) => {
                println!("请输入一个有效的数字！");
                continue;
            }
        };

        attempts += 1;

        match guess.cmp(&secret) {
            std::cmp::Ordering::Less => println!("太小了！"),
            std::cmp::Ordering::Greater => println!("太大了！"),
            std::cmp::Ordering::Equal => {
                println!("🎉 猜对了！用了 {} 次尝试。", attempts);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

cargo run

# Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
rand = "0.8"

use rand::Rng;
use std::io;

fn main() {
    println!("=== 猜数字游戏 ===");
    println!("我心里想了一个 1-100 的数字，猜猜看！");

    let secret = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(1..=100);
    let mut attempts = 0;

    loop {
        println!("\n请输入你的猜测：");

        let mut guess = String::new();
        io::stdin()
            .read_line(&mut guess)
            .expect("读取输入失败");

        let guess: u32 = match guess.trim().parse() {
            Ok(num) => num,
            Err(_) => {
                println!("请输入一个有效的数字！");
                continue;
            }
        };

        attempts += 1;

        match guess.cmp(&secret) {
            std::cmp::Ordering::Less => println!("太小了！"),
            std::cmp::Ordering::Greater => println!("太大了！"),
            std::cmp::Ordering::Equal => {
                println!("🎉 猜对了！用了 {} 次尝试。", attempts);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

# 项目结构
my_project/
├── Cargo.toml
└── src/
    ├── main.rs         # 默认二进制
    ├── lib.rs          # 库代码（可选）
    └── bin/
        ├── server.rs   # 额外二进制
        └── client.rs   # 额外二进制

// src/bin/server.rs
fn main() {
    println!("服务器启动中...");
}

// src/bin/client.rs
fn main() {
    println!("客户端连接中...");
}

# 运行特定二进制
cargo run --bin server
cargo run --bin client

# 列出所有二进制目标
cargo run --bin

[[bin]]
name = "server"
path = "src/bin/server.rs"

[[bin]]
name = "client"
path = "src/bin/client.rs"

# Cargo.toml
[features]
default = ["json"]
json = ["dep:serde_json"]
xml = ["dep:quick-xml"]
full = ["json", "xml", "logging"]
logging = []

[dependencies]
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
serde_json = { version = "1.0", optional = true }
quick-xml = { version = "0.31", optional = true }

// src/main.rs
fn main() {
    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
    println!("JSON 支持已启用");

    #[cfg(feature = "xml")]
    println!("XML 支持已启用");

    #[cfg(feature = "logging")]
    println!("日志功能已启用");

    #[cfg(not(any(feature = "json", feature = "xml")))]
    println!("没有启用任何数据格式支持");
}

# 使用默认 features
cargo run

# 启用特定 features
cargo run --features "json,xml"

# 不使用默认 features
cargo run --no-default-features --features "xml"

[workspace]
members = [
    "crates/common",
    "crates/api-server",
    "crates/worker",
]
resolver = "2"

[workspace.dependencies]
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
tracing = "0.1"

# crates/api-server/Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "api-server"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2024"

[dependencies]
common = { path = "../common" }
tokio = { workspace = true }
serde = { workspace = true }
axum = "0.7"