11 - Docker 部署

Docker 部署流媒体服务

11.1 为什么使用 Docker

优势	说明
环境一致性	开发/测试/生产环境完全一致
快速部署	一条命令启动完整服务
版本管理	轻松切换和回滚版本
资源隔离	CPU/内存/网络隔离
可扩展	轻松增加实例
可复现	部署过程文档化

11.2 SRS Docker 快速启动

11.2.1 单命令启动

# 启动 SRS（最简方式）
docker run --rm \
    -p 1935:1935 \
    -p 1985:1985 \
    -p 8080:8080 \
    ossrs/srs:5

# 推流测试
ffmpeg -re -i test.mp4 -c copy -f flv \
    rtmp://localhost:1935/live/test

# 播放测试
ffplay rtmp://localhost:1935/live/test
ffplay http://localhost:8080/live/test.flv
ffplay http://localhost:8080/live/test.m3u8

11.2.2 使用自定义配置

# 创建配置文件
mkdir -p conf
cat > conf/docker.conf << 'EOF'
listen 1935;
max_connections 1000;
srs_log_tank console;

http_api {
    enabled on;
    listen 1985;
}

http_server {
    enabled on;
    listen 8080;
}

vhost __defaultVhost__ {
    hls {
        enabled on;
        hls_fragment 2;
        hls_window 10;
    }
    http_remux {
        enabled on;
        mount [vhost]/[app]/[stream].flv;
    }
}
EOF

# 挂载配置文件启动
docker run --rm \
    -p 1935:1935 \
    -p 1985:1985 \
    -p 8080:8080 \
    -v $(pwd)/conf/docker.conf:/usr/local/srs/conf/docker.conf \
    ossrs/srs:5 ./objs/srs -c conf/docker.conf

11.3 Docker Compose 基础配置

11.3.1 项目结构

srs-docker/
├── docker-compose.yml
├── conf/
│   ├── srs.conf
│   └── edge.conf
├── web/
│   └── index.html
└── data/
    ├── recordings/
    └── hls/

11.3.2 docker-compose.yml

version: '3.8'

services:
  # SRS 流媒体服务器
  srs:
    image: ossrs/srs:5
    container_name: srs-server
    ports:
      - "1935:1935"    # RTMP
      - "1985:1985"    # HTTP API
      - "8080:8080"    # HTTP Server
    volumes:
      - ./conf/srs.conf:/usr/local/srs/conf/docker.conf
      - ./data/hls:/usr/local/srs/objs/nginx/html
      - ./data/recordings:/data/recordings
    command: ./objs/srs -c conf/docker.conf
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      - srs-net

  # HLS Web 服务（可选）
  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    container_name: srs-nginx
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./data/hls:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro
      - ./web:/usr/share/nginx/html/web:ro
    depends_on:
      - srs
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      - srs-net

networks:
  srs-net:
    driver: bridge

11.3.3 SRS 配置文件

# conf/srs.conf
listen 1935;
max_connections 1000;
srs_log_tank console;

http_api {
    enabled on;
    listen 1985;
}

http_server {
    enabled on;
    listen 8080;
    dir ./objs/nginx/html;
}

vhost __defaultVhost__ {
    # 最小延迟
    min_latency on;

    # GOP Cache
    gop_cache on;
    gop_cache_max_frames 2500;

    # HLS 配置
    hls {
        enabled on;
        hls_fragment 2;
        hls_window 10;
        hls_path ./objs/nginx/html;
        hls_m3u8_file [app]/[stream].m3u8;
        hls_ts_file [app]/[stream]-[seq].ts;
        hls_cleanup on;
        hls_dispose 30;
    }

    # HTTP-FLV
    http_remux {
        enabled on;
        mount [vhost]/[app]/[stream].flv;
    }

    # DVR 录制
    dvr {
        enabled on;
        dvr_path /data/recordings/[app]/[stream].[timestamp].flv;
        dvr_plan session;
        dvr_wait_keyframe on;
    }
}

11.3.4 启动与管理

# 启动所有服务
docker-compose up -d

# 查看状态
docker-compose ps

# 查看日志
docker-compose logs -f srs

# 停止所有服务
docker-compose down

# 重启 SRS
docker-compose restart srs

11.4 多实例集群部署

11.4.1 Origin + Edge 集群

# docker-compose-cluster.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  # Origin 源站
  srs-origin:
    image: ossrs/srs:5
    container_name: srs-origin
    ports:
      - "1935:1935"
      - "1985:1985"
    volumes:
      - ./conf/origin.conf:/usr/local/srs/conf/docker.conf
    command: ./objs/srs -c conf/docker.conf
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      srs-net:
        ipv4_address: 172.20.0.10

  # Edge 边缘节点 1
  srs-edge-1:
    image: ossrs/srs:5
    container_name: srs-edge-1
    ports:
      - "1936:1935"
      - "1986:1985"
      - "8081:8080"
    volumes:
      - ./conf/edge.conf:/usr/local/srs/conf/docker.conf
    command: ./objs/srs -c conf/docker.conf
    depends_on:
      - srs-origin
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      srs-net:
        ipv4_address: 172.20.0.11

  # Edge 边缘节点 2
  srs-edge-2:
    image: ossrs/srs:5
    container_name: srs-edge-2
    ports:
      - "1937:1935"
      - "1987:1985"
      - "8082:8080"
    volumes:
      - ./conf/edge.conf:/usr/local/srs/conf/docker.conf
    command: ./objs/srs -c conf/docker.conf
    depends_on:
      - srs-origin
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      srs-net:
        ipv4_address: 172.20.0.12

networks:
  srs-net:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 172.20.0.0/24

11.4.2 Origin 配置

# conf/origin.conf
listen 1935;
max_connections 1000;

http_api {
    enabled on;
    listen 1985;
}

http_server {
    enabled on;
    listen 8080;
}

vhost __defaultVhost__ {
    gop_cache on;
    hls {
        enabled on;
        hls_fragment 2;
        hls_window 10;
    }
}

11.4.3 Edge 配置

# conf/edge.conf
listen 1935;
max_connections 1000;

http_api {
    enabled on;
    listen 1985;
}

http_server {
    enabled on;
    listen 8080;
}

vhost __defaultVhost__ {
    cluster {
        mode remote;
        origin 172.20.0.10:1935;
    }
    gop_cache on;
    hls {
        enabled on;
        hls_fragment 2;
        hls_window 10;
    }
}

11.5 完整生产环境配置

11.5.1 带监控的生产配置

# docker-compose-production.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  # SRS 流媒体服务器
  srs:
    image: ossrs/srs:5
    container_name: srs-server
    ports:
      - "1935:1935"
      - "1985:1985"
      - "8080:8080"
    volumes:
      - ./conf/srs.conf:/usr/local/srs/conf/docker.conf
      - ./data/hls:/data/hls
      - ./data/recordings:/data/recordings
    command: ./objs/srs -c conf/docker.conf
    restart: unless-stopped
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: '4.0'
          memory: 4G
        reservations:
          cpus: '2.0'
          memory: 2G
    networks:
      - srs-net

  # Prometheus 指标收集
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: srs-prometheus
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - prometheus-data:/prometheus
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      - srs-net

  # Grafana 监控面板
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    container_name: srs-grafana
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    volumes:
      - grafana-data:/var/lib/grafana
    environment:
      GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD: admin123
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      - srs-net

  # Nginx 反向代理
  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    container_name: srs-nginx
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      - ./nginx/ssl:/etc/nginx/ssl
      - ./data/hls:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro
    depends_on:
      - srs
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      - srs-net

volumes:
  prometheus-data:
  grafana-data:

networks:
  srs-net:
    driver: bridge

11.5.2 Nginx 反向代理配置

# nginx/nginx.conf
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    # HLS 分发
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name live.example.com;

        # HLS
        location /hls {
            types {
                application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
                video/mp2t ts;
            }
            root /usr/share/nginx/html;
            add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
            add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
        }

        # HTTP-FLV
        location /live {
            add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
            add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
            proxy_pass http://srs:8080;
        }

        # SRS API 代理
        location /api {
            proxy_pass http://srs:1985;
        }

        # 监控面板
        location /grafana {
            proxy_pass http://grafana:3000;
        }
    }
}

11.5.3 Prometheus 配置

# prometheus/prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'srs'
    metrics_path: /api/v1/metrics
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['srs:1985']

11.6 部署脚本

一键部署脚本

#!/bin/bash
# deploy.sh - SRS 一键部署脚本

set -e

PROJECT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
cd "$PROJECT_DIR"

echo "🚀 开始部署 SRS 流媒体服务..."

# 创建必要目录
mkdir -p conf data/hls data/recordings nginx prometheus

# 检查配置文件
if [ ! -f conf/srs.conf ]; then
    echo "📝 生成默认配置..."
    cat > conf/srs.conf << 'EOF'
listen 1935;
max_connections 1000;
srs_log_tank console;

http_api { enabled on; listen 1985; }
http_server { enabled on; listen 8080; }

vhost __defaultVhost__ {
    min_latency on;
    gop_cache on;
    hls {
        enabled on;
        hls_fragment 2;
        hls_window 10;
    }
    http_remux {
        enabled on;
        mount [vhost]/[app]/[stream].flv;
    }
}
EOF
fi

# 启动服务
echo "🐳 启动 Docker 服务..."
docker-compose up -d

# 等待服务启动
echo "⏳ 等待服务启动..."
sleep 5

# 验证服务
echo "🔍 验证服务状态..."
if curl -s http://localhost:1985/api/v1/summaries > /dev/null; then
    echo "✅ SRS 服务正常"
else
    echo "❌ SRS 服务异常，请检查日志"
    docker-compose logs srs
    exit 1
fi

# 获取本机 IP
LOCAL_IP=$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')

echo ""
echo "========================================="
echo "  SRS 流媒体服务部署完成!"
echo "========================================="
echo ""
echo "  推流地址: rtmp://${LOCAL_IP}:1935/live/{stream_key}"
echo "  RTMP 播放: rtmp://${LOCAL_IP}:1935/live/{stream_key}"
echo "  HTTP-FLV:  http://${LOCAL_IP}:8080/live/{stream_key}.flv"
echo "  HLS:       http://${LOCAL_IP}:8080/live/{stream_key}.m3u8"
echo "  API 文档:  http://${LOCAL_IP}:1985"
echo ""
echo "  常用命令:"
echo "    查看日志: docker-compose logs -f srs"
echo "    停止服务: docker-compose down"
echo "    重启服务: docker-compose restart"
echo ""

11.7 流媒体架构图

11.7.1 单机架构

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Docker Host                        │
│                                                      │
│  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  │
│  │ SRS Server  │  │   Nginx     │  │  Grafana    │  │
│  │ :1935(RTMP) │  │   :80(HTTP) │  │  :3000      │  │
│  │ :1985(API)  │  │             │  │             │  │
│  │ :8080(HTTP) │  │             │  │             │  │
│  └──────┬──────┘  └──────┬──────┘  └─────────────┘  │
│         │                │                           │
│         └────────┬───────┘                           │
│                  │                                   │
│            ┌─────┴─────┐                            │
│            │  容器网络   │                            │
│            └───────────┘                            │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

11.7.2 集群架构

┌────────────────────┐
│   Load Balancer    │
│   (Nginx/HAProxy)  │
└─────────┬──────────┘
          │
    ┌─────┴─────┐
    │  公网      │
    └─────┬─────┘
          │
    ┌─────┴─────────────────────────────────┐
    │            Docker Swarm / K8s          │
    │                                        │
    │  ┌────────────┐  ┌────────────┐       │
    │  │  Origin    │  │  Origin    │       │
    │  │  (Primary) │  │  (Backup)  │       │
    │  └─────┬──────┘  └─────┬──────┘       │
    │        └────────┬──────┘              │
    │                 │                      │
    │    ┌────────────┼────────────┐        │
    │    ▼            ▼            ▼        │
    │  ┌──────┐  ┌──────┐  ┌──────┐       │
    │  │Edge 1│  │Edge 2│  │Edge 3│       │
    │  └──────┘  └──────┘  └──────┘       │
    │                                        │
    │  ┌──────────────────────────────┐    │
    │  │        Shared Storage         │    │
    │  │   (HLS/Recordings/Config)    │    │
    │  └──────────────────────────────┘    │
    └────────────────────────────────────────┘

11.8 常用运维命令

# 查看容器状态
docker-compose ps

# 查看实时日志
docker-compose logs -f srs

# 查看资源使用
docker stats srs-server

# 进入容器
docker exec -it srs-server bash

# 查看 SRS 版本
docker exec srs-server ./objs/srs -v

# 备份配置
tar czf srs-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz conf/ docker-compose.yml

# 清理 HLS 缓存
docker exec srs-server find /data/hls -name "*.ts" -mmin +60 -delete

# 查看网络连接
docker exec srs-server netstat -tlnp

注意事项

端口冲突：确保宿主机端口未被占用（1935, 8080, 1985）
磁盘空间：HLS 分片和录制文件会快速占用磁盘，需要定期清理
ulimit 设置：高并发场景需在 docker-compose 中配置 ulimits
GPU 转码：需要 GPU 转码时，需挂载设备（--device /dev/dri 或 --gpus all）
时区设置：容器内时间可能不正确，添加 -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai 或挂载 /etc/localtime
日志管理：配置日志轮转避免日志文件撑满磁盘

扩展阅读

上一章：10 - 流中转与分发 下一章：12 - 最佳实践 — RTMP 低延迟优化、安全与监控

强曰为道

11 - Docker 部署

Docker 部署流媒体服务

11.1 为什么使用 Docker

11.2 SRS Docker 快速启动

11.2.1 单命令启动

11.2.2 使用自定义配置

11.3 Docker Compose 基础配置

11.3.1 项目结构

11.3.2 docker-compose.yml

11.3.3 SRS 配置文件

11.3.4 启动与管理

11.4 多实例集群部署

11.4.1 Origin + Edge 集群

11.4.2 Origin 配置

11.4.3 Edge 配置

11.5 完整生产环境配置

11.5.1 带监控的生产配置

11.5.2 Nginx 反向代理配置

11.5.3 Prometheus 配置

11.6 部署脚本

一键部署脚本

11.7 流媒体架构图

11.7.1 单机架构

11.7.2 集群架构

11.8 常用运维命令

注意事项

扩展阅读