asoc 安装文档备份

Posted 72 months ago linux install

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Installation of AOSC OS on x86-64 systems/environments are generally universal for all systems of this architectures. But for some specific device configurations and virtualized environments, here below are some extra notes:

Forenotes

Any commands listed below starting with a # means that the commands are run as the root user.

Choosing a Tarball

All AMD64/x86-64 tarballs are generic (universal for all supported devices), the only thing you would have to do here is choosing your favourite one - appropriate for your taste and your use case.

Note: Another consideration is whether your device is capable for a specific variant, please consult the AMD64/x86-64 system requirements page for more information.

Bootable

Base
KDE/Plasma
GNOME
MATE
XFCE
LXDE
i3 Window Manager

Non-bootable

Container
BuildKit

We are not going to discuss the deployment of Container and BuildKit in this guide, please check for the guide in AOSC Cadet Training.

Preparing an Installation Environment

It is impossible to install AOSC OS without a working Live environment or an installed copy of Linux distribution on your local storage. Live disc images are not yet available for AOSC OS.

For installing AOSC OS, we recommend that you use GParted Live, dumped to your USB flash drive - and our guide will assume that you are using GParted Live.

Warning: Be sure that you downloaded the amd64 version, or else you won’t be able to enter AOSC OS chroot environment!

Note: You may not be able to connect to network when using VMware.

# dd if=nameofimage.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=4M

Where:

nameofimage.iso is the filename of your downloaded GParted Live ISO file.
/dev/sdX is the device file for your USB flash disk.

After you are done, boot to GParted Live.

Preparing partitions

On AMD64/x86-64, AOSC OS supports GUID (EFI) or MBR (traditional BIOS) partition tables - if you plan on multi-booting AOSC OS with other Linux distributions, Microsoft Windows, or Apple macOS, they generally uses GUID on newer machines, and MBR on older ones.

It is relatively easy to use GParted, provided with GParted Live to configure your partitions. For more details on how to configure your partition with GParted, please refer to the GParted Manual.

Extra Notes

If you plan on installing AOSC OS across multiple partitions, please make sure you created a /etc/fstab file before you reboot to AOSC OS - details discussed later.
If you plan on using the ESP (EFI System Partition) as your /boot partition, extra actions may be needed when updating the Linux Kernel - details discussed later.

Un-tar!

With partitions configured, you are now ready to unpack the AOSC OS system tarball you have downloaded. Before you start un-tar-ing your tarball, mount your system partition(s) first. Say, if you wanted to install AOSC OS on partition /dev/sda2:

# mount -v /dev/sda2 /mnt

Additionally, say, if you have /dev/sda3 for /home:

# mkdir -v /mnt/home
# mount -b /dev/sda3 /mnt/home

And now, un-tar the tarball:

# cd /mnt
# tar --numeric-owner -pxf /path/to/tarball/tarball.tar.xz

For a more exciting experience, add verbosity:

# cd /mnt
# tar --numeric-owner -pxvf /path/to/tarball/tarball.tar.xz

Initial Configuration

Here below are some extra steps before you configure your bootloader - strongly recommended to avoid potential issues later.

Bind mount system/pseudo directories

# mkdir /mnt/run/udev
# for i in dev proc sys run/udev; do mount --rbind /$i /mnt/$i; done

/etc/fstab Generation

If you have chosen to use multi-partition layout for your AOSC OS installation, you will need to configure your /etc/fstab file, one fast way to achieve this is by installing the genfstab package:

# chroot /mnt apt update
# chroot /mnt apt install genfstab

And generate a /etc/fstab file:

# /mnt/usr/bin/genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

Chroot

Enter AOSC OS chroot environment:

# chroot /mnt /bin/bash

If you failed to enter chroot, you have probably not downloaded the amd64 version (gosh, we got it in bold as well…).

Note: Commands in all sections below are executed from chroot.

Update, Your, System!

New tarball releases comes out roughly each season (or longer depending on developers’ availability), and it is generally a wise choice to update your system first - just to get rid of some old bugs since the tarball’s release:

# apt update
# apt full-upgrade

Initialization RAM Disk

Use the following command to create initialization RAM disk for AOSC OS.

# sh /var/ab/triggered/dracut

Bootloader Configuration

Now you should be able to configure your bootloader, we will use GRUB for the purpose of this installation guide. Installation of GRUB differs for EFI and BIOS systems, and thus they will be separated to two sections.

Note: You would need GRUB 2.02 (grub version 2:2.0.2) to support NVMe-based storage devices as boot drives.

Note: All commands below are run from within chroot.

EFI Systems

To install GRUB for EFI systems, mount your ESP partition, generally /dev/sda1 to /efi (change device name if appropriate):

# mount /dev/sda1 /efi

Then, install GRUB to the partition, and generate a GRUB configuration:

# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --bootloader-id=AOSC-GRUB --efi-directory=/efi
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

For some Bay Trail devices, you might need to install for i386-efi target instead - do not use the following command unless you are sure about what you are doing:

# grub-install --target=i386-efi --bootloader-id=AOSC-GRUB --efi-directory=/efi
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

BIOS Systems

Installation and configuration of GRUB is straight forward on BIOS systems, only thing to look out for is where the MBR for your hard drive(s) are. In our example, we assume that your MBR is located on /dev/sda, but it may vary, but in most cases, MBR is located on the hard drive, but not on a partition.

# grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sda
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

User, and Post-installation Configuration

All tarballs do not come with a default user and root user is disabled, you would have to create your own account before you reboot into AOSC OS - while leaving the password empty for the root user - you can always use sudo for your superuser needs.

Add a user

To add a new user aosc, use the useradd command:

# useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash aosc

Setting password

Although it is not required to protect the newly created user aosc with a password, it is highly recommend to do so:

# passwd aosc

Enabling Root

Although strongly discouraged, you can enable the root user by setting a password for root:

# passwd root

Notes: Decent Linux users need not the root user.

Setting System Timezone

Timezone info are stored in /usr/share/zoneinfo/<region>/<city>.

# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

Setting System Language

AOSC OS enables all languages with UTF-8 encoding by default. In rare cases where you (really) want to disable some languages or enable non UTF-8 encodings, edit /etc/locale.gen as needed and execute locale-gen as root (which might take a long time).

To set default language for all users, edit /etc/locale.conf. For example, to set system lanaguage to Chinese Simplified (China):

LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

Notes: After you rebooted the computer into the new system, you may use the localectl command to do this:

# localectl set-locale "LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8"

Setting System Hostname

To set a hostname for the system, edit /etc/hostname. For example, to set the hostname to be MyNewComputer:

MyNewComputer

Notes: After you rebooted the computer into the new system, you may use the hostnamectl command to do this:

# hostnamectl set-hostname yourhostname

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